The article considers key aspects of ensuring economic security at the enterprise level in the context of modern challenges of globalization and unstable international situation. The authors mainly focus on the need to monitor risks and threats that have a significant impact on the stability and development of economic entities. The main attention is paid to the classification of economic security threats by sources of occurrence – internal and external. External threats include economic, political, natural and man-made factors, as well as the actions of competitors, the state and counterparties. Internal threats are associated with the activities of the enterprise itself, its personnel and management system. The work examines in detail the relationship between the concepts of "threat" and "risk". A threat is defined as a negative impact of the environment, and a risk is a realized threat leading to certain losses (damage). Various approaches to risk classification, assessment and management are presented. The main risk management strategies are described: avoidance, transfer, minimization and acceptance of risk. The authors conclude that today an integral condition for the sustainable development of an enterprise is the creation of an economic security service and the introduction of a risk-oriented management system that allows identifying threats at an early stage and promptly responding to them in order to minimize possible damage.