In the current political and economic situation, increasing the import dependence of the Russian agro-industrial complex is a strategic priority. The basis of food and raw material security is the provision of Russian agriculture with domestic seeds of higher reproductions. The purpose of the research is to assess the current level of providing the hemp industry with domestic seeds. According to the estimates of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, the acreage under hemp in 2023 amounted to 15.2 thousand hectares, which is 1.4 thousand hectares more than in 2022. The share of varieties of domestic breeding in the State Register of breeding achievements approved for use in the territory of the Russian Federation is 87%. According to the Rosselkhoznadzor, as of 2022, only 18 of the approved cannabis varieties are cultivated on the territory of the Russian Federation. The total area of varietal crops totals 10.3 thousand hectares, which is 72% of all sown areas occupied by the crop in 2022. The largest share (35%) in the varietal cannabis crops of the Russian Federation is occupied by varieties created in the Federal Research Center for Bast Fiber Crops. In 2022, according to official data, about 250 tons of original and elite crop seeds were produced in the Russian Federation. According to domestic experts, by 2025 it is necessary to increase commercial cannabis crops to 20 thousand hectares. To do this, it is necessary to increase the production of seeds of higher reproductions to at least 500 tons. The intensification of the breeding process based on the creation of commercial varieties and hybrids of seed hemp with specified characteristics for specific areas of use with targeted financing of research works by interested specialized enterprises can be a significant impetus for the expansion of varietal diversity and mobilization of the multilateral potential of culture.