The article presents the results of a study of the railway system in the territories of the Donetsk People's Republic, Lugansk People's Republic, Zaporozhye region and Kherson region. The relevance of the topic is due to the passage of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation into the process of integration into the economy of the Russian Federation in the period from 2022 to 2026. The article uses statistical and forecast data provided by a railway transport organization that maintains the railway system in the territories of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The current state of the organization of passenger and freight transportation is analyzed, and forecasts for their development by 2030 are given. Taking into account the specifics of the economic potential of the new constituent entities of the Russian Federation, railway transport can play a key role in the integration of the economies of the new constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which have suffered as a result of hostilities on their territories, by ensuring territorial connectivity with other regions of the Russian Federation. The growth of cargo flows observed over the past two years within the territories of new constituent entities of the Russian Federation and into the territory of the Russian Federation allows us to conclude that logistics chains for the sale of manufactured products are being established. Stable export flows ensured by safe and inexpensive cargo transportation on railway infrastructure, will increase the own income of the new constituent entities of the Russian Federation and ensure their economic security. However, since many benefits provided by the state are not compensated by the railway transport organization providing transportation at preferential rates, it is necessary to take additional measures to comply with its economic interests, which will require the allocation of additional federal budget funds.