The work is devoted to studying the consequences of the sanctions policy of Western countries on the agro-industrial sector of Russia in the first quarter of the 21st century. The reasons for imposing sanctions on Russia, the mechanisms for their implementation, and the consequences for the country's agriculture are considered. The analysis of the economic indicators of the Russian agro-industrial complex is conducted, and the trends in the development of food security, import dependence, changes in the structure of the agricultural market, and export potential are identified. Special attention is paid to the adaptation strategies of domestic producers and the government's support for the sector. The research confirms the existence of significant challenges caused by restrictions on the import of technologies, equipment, and seeds, but there is also a positive trend in the development of domestic production of certain goods and services. The importance of diversifying sales markets, modernizing infrastructure, and promoting innovation has been identified as crucial for enhancing the competitiveness of the domestic agricultural sector.