In the regime of large-scale sanctions, Russian agriculture needs to quickly restore its technological sovereignty, which has been lost in many production chains. The purpose of the study was to clarify the economic content and features of assessing the priorities of this area, taking into account the financial, technological and logistical constraints imposed on the Russian economy. An original approach to solving this problem is proposed and an algorithm for its practical implementation is developed. The indicator for assessing the country's food independence has been supplemented for its application in the calculations of food balances, taking into account medical recommendations in the field of healthy nutrition of the population. The main parameters of the boundary of innovative and investment opportunities of agriculture have been determined with the forced replacement of Western material, technical and biological resources due to problems with their use in the sanctions regime. An indicator of the provision of the industry with certain types of them has been developed, taking into account reserves and efficiency of use in the production of agricultural products. The analysis of the factors of labor productivity growth as a direction of ensuring the personnel sovereignty of the industry is carried out. A scheme has been developed for accelerated modernization of the material and technical base of agriculture, ensuring efficient production of agricultural products regardless of the regime of Western sanctions. Recommendations are given on the development of effective economic mechanisms for the sovereign innovative development of agriculture. The results obtained are compared with the results of research in a similar subject area published in leading periodicals. The results of the study can be used in the development of innovative agricultural development programs while restoring its technological sovereignty.