Against the background of the developing soil and climate crisis in the world, a difficult situation is developing in Russian agriculture - large harvests, on the one hand, on the other – a drop in profitability, the ruin of agricultural enterprises. In addition, all this is happening in conditions of soil fertility degradation, although their conservation should become a national priority. At the end of 2023, the President signed a decree on the development of nature-like technologies, and a little earlier, the country's Low-carbon Development Strategy was approved. All this requires a completely new approach, a new paradigm for the development of the agricultural sector. Today in Russia, technologies of soil-protective resource-saving agriculture are used on an area of about 6 million hectares. Lack of knowledge hinders development due to the lack of interaction between science and agricultural production. If we analyze the existing experience in this area, we could develop many useful practical recommendations that can be expanded for the development of agricultural production in the Russian Federation. The most important task facing agricultural science is to study the microbiome of soil, plants and humans and develop management methods that will allow us to obtain healthy soils, high-quality products and ensure public health.