The article presents the results of research of economic and energy cooperation between Russia and China in the context of tariff and non-tariff restrictions imposed on the economies of the countries. Russia is the largest energy supplier, which had to change the direction of its trade flows, in turn, China is the main potential consumer of all categories of energy carriers, which seeks to diversify the geographical structure of resource imports. The issue of energy security of the two countries is also determined by the increased importance of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. The main purpose of this article is to identify the key areas of cooperation between Russia and China in the field of energy security and identify key joint projects in the energy sector. In the course of the research, the following tasks were solved: the activities of the Russian-Chinese leadership on economic and energy cooperation were analyzed; the role of Russia in the Chinese energy sector was revealed; directions for the implementation of joint projects in the field of energy were determined. The proposed approach makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of such interaction and identify possible risks from the point of view of energy and economic security of both partners. The results of the conducted research demonstrate the presence of mutual interest in the development of foreign economic cooperation: China, like Russia, seeks to reduce dependence on supplies of Western goods and technologies, having high scientific and technological potential; At the same time, Russia's resource base acts as one of the resource sources for the further development of China and its foreign economic expansion into markets, both within the country and on the territory of Central Asian countries.